Wall.



No. 722,237. PATENTED MAR. 10, 1903.

J. G. F; LUND. WALL. APPLICATION FILED NOV. 29, 1902. N0 MODEL.

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JENS GABRIEL FREDRIK LUND, OF CI-IRISTIANIA, NORWAY.

WALL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N0. 722,237, dated March 10, 1903.

Application filed November 29,1902. Serial No. 133,300. (No model.)

To (bZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, JENs GABRIEL FRED- RIK LUND, engineer, a subject of the King of Sweden and Norway, residing at Christiania, Norway, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Walls, of which the following is a specification.

In the constructions hitherto in use for the erection of walls composed of single blocks of artificial stone or the like (tiles, press stones, &c.) it was necessary in order to obtain a firm wall to rely upon the support of the fioor, as well as upon the thickness of the wall and the cohesive power of the mortar. Use has also been made of the insertion of strengthening parts of metal. The strength of such walls depends consequently largely on the skill of the workman.

My present invention relates to a wall which is distinguished thereby that neither mortar or metal parts are required for its construction and that it is formed as a series of layers acting alternately as elastic arches against horizontal pressure from both sides.

The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 shows a portion of the wall in side elevation. Fig. 2 shows the same in section. Figs. 3 and 4 are plans of two consecutive horizontal layers.

The blocks are placed in horizontal layers a b c d in the manner shown in Fig. 1. The contact-surfaces l are cut sloping in two directions, so that all the layers act as arches against vertical pressure and alternately as arches against horizontal pressure,-and this from both sides, Figs. 3 311(14. At the same time, however, the blocks are bonded, as usual, and are provided on the upper side with tongues 2 and on the other side with the corresponding groove 3. In each layer the tongues 2 of the blocks form a continuous tongue between the two side supports, and this tongue engages in the corresponding layer, consecutive groove 3 in the layer lying above it. It results, further, that the tongue 2 comes directly into firm contact with the projections of the grooves without an interposed layer of mortar or metal. It is obvious that the wall thus formed acts as an elastic arch against vertical pressure, While the ri gidity of the wall depends exclusively from the strength of the layers and the blocks against pressure, torsion, and breaking.

In Fig. 3 the ground plan of the uppermost layer a in Fig. 1 is illustrated. This layer acts as an arch against the loading in the direction of the arrow 5. If this layer receives a pressure from the other side, the said pressure is conveyed to the layer lying above it and below it, which operates as an arch against pressure in the opposite direction. (See Fig. l.) Walls constructed in this manner are very practical, not alone on account of their strength, but also on account of their lightness and relatively small thickness. If two such walls are placed close beside one another with a little cavity between, they will then not be thicker than a threequarter brick wall. Further, on account of the air-space left between them sounds only pass through the walls with great difficulty.

Having now described my invention, what Iclaim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-- An improved wall of artificial stones or the like, characterized by the construction that each stone possessesa tongue on the one side, and is provided on the other side parallel to the tongue with the corresponding groove, and the stones are so built in horizontal rows between the side supports, that in each row a continuously-consecutive horizontal tongue is formed, which engages in the continuous groove of the row of stones above it, and the adjacent surfaces of the stones are doubly sloped so that each layer acts by itself as an arch against vertical pressure, and at the same time alternately as an arch against horizontal pressure from both sides alternately, that moreover the adjacent surfaces of the stones in two courses lying one upon another are alternated against one another, so that the alternate bonding is obtained in the vertical direction, whereby the wall operates as an elastic arch against horizontal pressure and the tongues of each row of stones engaged direct with the grooves of the following course, withoutintermediate material and in firm connection therewith substantially as set forth.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of 'two witnesses.

JENS GABRIEL FREDRIK LUNI).

Witnesses:

AXEL LAHN, RICHARD STOPKE. 

